Cystolitholapaxy is used to remove stones that have formed inside the bladder. A small scope is passed through the urethra into the bladder, which means the procedure usually does not require an external incision. Once the stones are located, specialized instruments, laser energy, or another fragmentation device are used to break them into smaller pieces. The fragments are then washed out or removed through the scope. A catheter may be placed temporarily afterward to help the bladder drain while irritation and swelling improve. Your urologist may also evaluate why the stones formed, particularly if bladder emptying or prostate enlargement contributed to the problem.